toc
Ad
Astra
Volume 14, Number 5 September/October 2002
Launch
Pad
A Space Program
without Border or Boundaries
By Kirby Ikin
In this special issue of Ad Astra
we look across the many different space programs of the world, and in our lead
article the new faces that are making a real difference in the development of
space science and engineering. So commonly, we think of space as being a common
series of “faces,” many often in the news and public eye. But away
from the glare of publicity, thousands of people all across the country—and
the world—are laboring to craft goals and scientific objectives for everything
from searches for extra solar planets, to experiments aboard the space station,
to new technologies that may someday send us back to the Moon, and onward to
Mars—destinations in space that are in fact our destiny to reach.
For today’s young people, a career in the space field would mean excitement,
learning, personal and professional growth, and above all the opportunity to
make a contribution to humanity that could make a profound difference in the
future lives of generations to come. We at the National Space Society hope that
this issue will help stimulate some career-planning efforts of our readers,
and also focus our attention to the trans-national character of space exploration.
The search for life in space knows no international borders or boundaries. No
cultural biases or restraints. Space is truly for every nation and people, a
tool to enhance the quality of life itself, and help us answer the age-old questions:
what’s it all about? And why are we here?
Ad Astra!
Space Exploration: In search of a mission
By Frank Sietzen, Jr.
Some 45 years ago on 4 October an object the size of a beach ball was blasted
into Earth orbit by a ballistic missile. Speeding aloft from a secret base in
the Ural Mountains, the tiny craft, carrying only a radio receiver and no scientific
instruments, opened an age of exploration the world had never before seen.
That craft was called Sputnik 1; the date 4 October 1957. It was the dawn of
the Space Age. And that age is with us still. Although you might not know that.
Today the dominant space program of the world, unlike that which existed on
that October Friday 45 years ago, belongs to the United States. By budget, resources,
infrastructure and character the American space effort is an extraordinary achievement.
In its stable of launch vehicles are the world’s most reliable boosters
and only reusable space vehicle. Aloft in space today is the only permanent
space station ever assembled by humans. Its scientific probes have begun to
reveal the hidden mysteries of Mars, a process that will take decades and require
the landing of human field geologists to complete. Inside the civil and military
space research laboratories across the nation new technologies for advanced
space vehicles are under design and preliminary development. Together, both
civil and military space accounts for more than $30 billion in annual spending,
a sum that dwarfs the space expenditures of any other nation on Earth. There
is but one dark cloud hanging over the U.S. triumph in space.
It isn’t going anywhere.
There are many extraordinary
pieces but not a whole.
We have shuttles, and stations, and satellites, and probes. But no central organizing
principle. Nearly five decades after all of this space exploration effort began,
no one single rationale has been established that pulls all of these disparate
elements together. The last time that happened was 25 May 1961. The goal, landing
humans on the Moon, was announced that day, and achieved less than nine years
later.
One down.
Next?
Today, we are in need of a central goal to restructure and in fact reinvigorate
human spaceflight. That is, a goal first.
Then money.
But at the beginning, we need to take the research racks of the International
Space Station, and the research spaces in the laboratories on Earth and direct
them all to a single priority.
So, what should that priority
be?
Sending a geologist to Mars.
Perhaps by way of the Moon, perhaps not.
A full exploration of the Martian environment and what has happened to its water
and atmosphere across the eons. In its initial stages this will not require
more money, at least not much more. What it will do is serve as a focus. And
that focus, and an unleashed U.S. space industry, will slowly shake out and
define what architecture will be best needed to accomplish this goal, and on
what practical timetable.
Impossible you say?
Well, just imagine how far away the Moon looked on 4 October 1957, a tranquil
Friday here in Washington. We got there in less than a decade, and there are
six American flags up there to prove it.
We did it once because we had a goal.
It is time—past time—to have another one.
Ad Astra!